The QSLS MOSA Strength Score — A Defensible, Auditable Measurement for Defense System Architectures When the Government Accountability Office reviewed 20 major DoD programs in January 2025 (GAO-25-106931), the headline finding wasn't that programs were ignoring MOSA. Fourteen of the twenty claimed they were implementing it. The headline finding was that none of them could produce a defensible numerical measurement of how MOSA-conformant their systems actually were. That gap — between MOSA as...

Executive Summary Every mature engineering discipline rests on a foundation of measurement. The civil engineer calculates load-bearing capacity in kilonewtons and verifies it against measured deflection. The electrical engineer models circuit behavior in volts and amperes and confirms performance with a meter. The chemical engineer models reaction yields and validates them against laboratory data. In each discipline, the gap between design intention and physical reality is closed — not by...

The integration of artificial intelligence into enterprise and system architecture practice is evolving along multiple trajectories,...